As the Spring Festival came to an end this year, many people who were still caught up in the joy of celebrating "Firecrackers One Year Old" noticed a positive shift: the idea of safety and environmental protection is gradually becoming a core focus in the production of fireworks. Today's eco-friendly fireworks are no longer just a niche product—they’ve become the stars of the market. The traditional pungent smell of gunpowder has been replaced with cleaner air, and vibrant colors light up the sky without the usual smoke.
According to reports, over 60 types of flammable agents and oxidizers are involved in the making of fireworks. These traditional ingredients often contain hazardous chemicals. However, more and more manufacturers are now using non-sulfur reducing agents and non-toxic materials that meet national environmental standards. This year alone, Tianjin City sold over 60 million yuan worth of fireworks, with more than 200 different varieties available. Environmentally friendly firecrackers have gained popularity due to their reduced pollution and enhanced safety. They not only produce dazzling displays but also eliminate the strong gunpowder odor and leave behind less residue.
Traditional fireworks mainly consist of black powder, which includes sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate. Sulfur acts as a reducing agent, making up 10% to 30% of the mixture. When ignited, these compounds react rapidly, producing harmful gases like sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, along with particulate matter. During the Spring Festival, the concentration of such pollutants can rise sharply, sometimes exceeding national limits. However, this year, the Beijing-Tianjin area maintained excellent air quality, partly due to the increased use of green fireworks.
The development of safe and eco-friendly fireworks relies heavily on the performance of flammable agents. Traditional black powder has low safety levels, with sulfur being a major concern. It ignites easily, produces toxic fumes, and poses serious risks during handling. To address these issues, researchers have focused on developing alternatives that reduce harmful emissions and improve stability.
One breakthrough comes from Liuyang, Hunan—a city known as the "hometown of Chinese fireworks." They have successfully developed a sulfur-reducing agent called "Sulfur," which significantly lowers sulfur dioxide emissions by over 68%. After combustion, it turns into iron oxide and iron sulfate—both of which are used in water purification and soil improvement. Compared to sulfur, "Sulfur" has a much higher flash point (520°C–600°C), making it safer and less prone to static or fire. It’s also environmentally friendly and has received national patent approval.
At just 600 yuan per ton cheaper than sulfur, "Sulfur" offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution for the industry. Its adoption is growing rapidly, marking a significant innovation in the fireworks sector.
In addition, ensuring the safety of flammable agents requires rigorous testing to evaluate their sensitivity to impact, friction, heat, and static. Researchers are also working on new oxidants that can replace potassium chlorate, offering better stability and lower risk.
According to Xu Qiangguo, director of the Liuyang Fireworks Administration Bureau, the city is the world's largest producer and exporter of fireworks. In 2007, its output surpassed 7 billion yuan, accounting for 50% of domestic production and 70% of exports. With the success of the Beijing Olympics, Liuyang’s fireworks business is expected to reach 10 billion yuan this year. This growth will drive a massive chemical industry chain, supporting both local and global markets.
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