China has established its own standard system for ground-effect wing ships. According to the latest information from the 702 Research Institute, a total of 219 standards have been completed, with 203 serving as reference guidelines for practical engineering applications and 18 being fully developed supporting standards. These 18 standards are expected to meet the development needs of China's ground-effect wing ships over the next 10 to 15 years. This was revealed at the first National Defense Science and Technology Industry Standardization Forum, where researcher Ye Xiu Nai shared these details with reporters.
In recent years, the development of high-performance ships—characterized by high speed, strong wave resistance, and high cost efficiency—has accelerated rapidly. Since the 1980s, China has made significant progress in high-performance ship technology. The 702 Research Institute has developed various types of high-speed vessels, including ground-effect wing boats, planing craft, hydrofoils, small waterplane catamarans, TAP (amphibious transport platforms), bubble boats, multi-hull ships, and more. These efforts have led to the formation of a high-performance ship technology system with independent intellectual property rights, some of which have reached world-leading levels. The research outcomes are now accelerating the transition from theoretical studies to real-world ship production.
This rapid development has created an urgent need for standardized practices in high-performance ship design and construction. With advanced supporting standards, the design, manufacturing, and testing processes can be standardized, simplified, unified, generalized, and modularized, thereby improving product performance, quality, and reliability.
In July of this year, a new generation of ground-effect wing craft developed by 702 was officially put into service on Xingkai Lake. The standardization work for ground-effect wing ships began in 2000, and the launch of the new generation of these vessels marked a significant step forward in promoting their use.
Ye Xiu Nai, who has spent decades working on aircraft and ground-effect wing ship development, noted that 702 was the first in China to start researching ground-effect wing ships 40 years ago. Today, the institute has mastered large-scale technologies and the most advanced design methods for these vessels. Out of the 11 types of ground-effect wing ships developed in China, eight were created by 702, and the first-class series has already achieved successful engineering applications.
However, for a long time, China lacked its own standards for ground-effect wing ships. Russia introduced the world's first civil ground-effect wing specification in 1998, followed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2002, which defined WIG (Wing-in-Ground) vehicles as "ships" and high-speed water transport vehicles. This laid a solid foundation for their widespread application.
Due to the lack of domestic standards, Chinese ground-effect wing ships had long been designed based on aircraft specifications, leading to a focus on flight performance while neglecting surface operations. As a result, these vessels often resembled airplanes more than traditional ships. Additionally, the use of aerospace-grade materials and components in hull structures increased costs, hindering wider adoption.
To address this, the 702 Research Institute emphasized the need to shift the conceptual framework of ground-effect wing ships from “aircraft†to “ship†when developing the standards. This ensures that the standards align with technological trends and guide the safe and practical development of these vessels.
The substantive work on the standardization of ground-effect wing ships began around 2003. Based on the existing ship industry standards, 702 proposed a framework for the ground-effect wing ship standard system, laying the groundwork for its integration into the broader ship industry standard system. The institute collected and translated two key international standards—Russia’s Landscaping Ship Code and the IMO’s “Temporary Guide for Land Effect Wingsâ€â€”and analyzed them thoroughly. It also referenced extensive foreign technical data and optimized standard parameters accordingly.
By 2006, the research on the ground-effect wing ship standard system was largely completed. In recent years, 702 has also invited senior experts to compile technical materials on ground-effect wing model testing, preserving valuable experience accumulated over many years of research. The institute continues to actively pursue standardization efforts for other high-performance vessels as well.
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