Fixed air volume valves are mechanical self-regulating devices used in ventilation and air conditioning systems to maintain a constant airflow rate regardless of pressure changes. These valves do not require external power; instead, they rely on the airflow within the duct to adjust the valve position, ensuring that the flow remains at a pre-set level. This makes them ideal for applications where consistent air distribution is essential.
In fresh air systems, especially in hotels and office buildings, fixed air volume valves are particularly useful. In many cases, each room receives only 100m³/h of fresh air, which is a small volume. Traditional balancing methods often fail due to short branch pipes and limited control accuracy. By installing a fixed air volume valve on each branch, the system can automatically ensure the correct airflow without the need for manual adjustments after installation. This helps prevent issues like poor indoor air quality, which is a common concern among high-rise residents and office workers.
In exhaust systems, fixed air volume valves also play a key role. For example, in bathrooms, where maintaining quiet and efficient exhaust is crucial, traditional bathroom fans can be noisy and difficult to maintain. By replacing these with fixed air volume valves on the exhaust shaft branches and using a central fan, the system becomes more reliable, quieter, and easier to manage. This approach ensures even exhaust across all levels, simplifying control and improving performance.
In VAV (Variable Air Volume) systems, fixed air volume valves are used in inner zones to maintain stable airflow, complementing the variable control of the outer zones. In cleanrooms or purification systems, they help maintain positive pressure by precisely controlling the airflow in supply and exhaust systems.
When it comes to duct balancing, fixed air volume valves can replace three-way or multi-leaf dampers in complex systems. They reduce the need for extensive on-site adjustments, making the process more efficient and less error-prone.
Fixed air volume valves are available in various shapes, including rectangular and circular, and some models come with insulation. They operate within a temperature range of 10–50°C and a pressure differential of 50–1000Pa. A minimum of 50Pa pressure difference is required for proper operation. Installation should follow specific guidelines, such as ensuring the valve shaft is level and providing sufficient straight duct length before and after the valve.
These valves offer high precision, with an adjustment accuracy of about ±4%, and require no maintenance due to their internal limiting mechanism. They can be manually adjusted or controlled remotely via an electric actuator. Their ability to automatically balance airflow makes them an essential component in modern HVAC systems, whether for supply or exhaust purposes.
Overall, fixed air volume valves are becoming increasingly popular due to their reliability, accuracy, and ease of use. As designers and engineers look for more efficient and effective solutions, these valves are proving to be a valuable tool in both new installations and system upgrades.
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