China's ground-effect wing ships have established their own set of standards. According to recent reports, the 702 Research Institute has completed a total of 219 standards for the standardization system of these vessels. Out of these, 203 are reference standards that have been applied in multi-year engineering projects, while 18 are complete supporting standards designed to meet the development needs of China’s ground-effect wing ships over the next 10 to 15 years. This information was shared at the first National Defense Science and Technology Industry Standardization Forum, where researcher Ye Xiu Nai provided details to reporters.
In recent years, the development of high-performance ships—characterized by high speed, high wave resistance, and high cost efficiency—has accelerated rapidly. Since the 1980s, China has made significant progress in high-performance ship technology. The 702 Research Institute has developed various types of advanced ships, including ground-effect wing boats, planing crafts, hydrofoils, small waterplane catamarans, TAP (amphibious transport platforms), bubble boats, and multi-hull ships. These efforts have led to the formation of a high-performance ship technology system with independent intellectual property rights, some of which now reach world-leading levels. The research outcomes are also accelerating the transition from theoretical studies to practical ship production. This rapid development has created an urgent need for standardization in high-performance ship design and construction.
Standardization plays a crucial role in simplifying, unifying, and modularizing the design and manufacturing processes, thereby improving product performance, quality, and reliability. In July of this year, the new generation of ground-effect wing craft developed by 702 was successfully tested on Xingkai Lake. The standardization work for ground-effect wing ships began in 2000, and the launch of the new generation of such vessels marked a significant step forward in promoting this innovative technology.
Ye Xiu Nai, who has spent decades researching both aircraft and ground-effect wing ships, mentioned that 702 was the first in China to begin research on ground-effect wing ships 40 years ago. Today, the institute has mastered large-scale technology and the most advanced design methods for these vessels. Eight out of the 11 types of ground-effect wing ships developed in China are the result of 702’s technological achievements, and the first-class series has already achieved its first engineering application. However, for many years, China lacked its own standards for these ships. The first civil ground-effect wing specification was issued by Russia in 1998, followed by the first international standardization guidelines by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2002. The IMO classified WIG (Wing-In-Ground) vehicles as "ships" and defined them as high-speed water transport vehicles, laying a solid foundation for their widespread use.
Due to the lack of standards, Chinese ground-effect wing ships were often designed based on aircraft specifications, leading to a focus on flight performance while neglecting surface handling. As a result, these vessels were more like airplanes than traditional ships. Additionally, the heavy use of aerospace materials and components increased the cost significantly, hindering mass production and promotion. To address this, the 702 Research Institute emphasized the need to shift the concept of ground-effect wing ships from “aircraft†to “ship†when developing the standards. This change aims to ensure that the standards align with technological trends and provide effective guidance for the safe and practical development of these vessels.
Substantial work on the standardization of ground-effect wing ships began around 2003. Based on the existing ship industry standards, 702 proposed a framework for the standard system of ground-effect wing ships, laying the groundwork for integrating it into the broader ship industry standards. The institute collected and analyzed two international standards—the Russian Landscaping Ship Code and the IMO “Temporary Guide for Land Effect Wingsâ€â€”and incorporated key technological research results. By referencing extensive foreign data on ground-effect wing technology, they optimized the standard parameters. By 2006, the research on the standard system for ground-effect wing ships was largely completed.
In recent years, 702 has also invited senior experts to compile technical materials on ground-effect wing model testing, preserving the valuable experience gained from years of research. Currently, the institute continues to actively engage in standardization efforts for other high-performance vessels, ensuring that China remains at the forefront of maritime innovation.
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