**Abstract:**
This article explores the application of Delta VE inverters in CNC machining centers, focusing on their role in spindle drive systems. It discusses the technical requirements for high-precision control, positioning, and speed regulation. Key terms include CNC machining center, positioning, VE frequency converter, pulse control, and spindle drive.
**1. Introduction**
CNC machine tools are essential in modern manufacturing, reflecting a country's technological and industrial capabilities. Despite progress, China still lags behind in performance, quality, and advanced components compared to foreign counterparts. Most high-end machining centers rely on imported technology. A machining center is a digital control machine with an automatic tool changer, capable of performing multiple operations in one setup. This reduces clamping time, improves efficiency, and shortens production cycles. Since its invention in 1958, the machining center has evolved into various types, including vertical, horizontal, and compound models, each designed for different applications. The integration of AC servo spindles and advanced frequency converters like Delta’s VE series has significantly enhanced precision and performance.
**2. CNC Machine Tool Spindle Drive**
The spindle drive system is a critical component of CNC machines, responsible for controlling speed and auxiliary functions. It can be driven by AC frequency conversion or AC servo systems. While AC frequency conversion offers variable speed, it lacks precise stopping. AC servo spindles, on the other hand, provide accurate stop and positioning, making them more suitable for high-precision machining. Delta’s VE inverters offer a cost-effective alternative with high performance, supporting both analog and pulse signals for flexible control.
**3. Delta VE Frequency Conversion Spindle Drive System**
3.1 System Design Requirements
Delta’s VE series inverters are specifically designed for CNC machining centers. They support fast point positioning, rapid acceleration/deceleration, and PDFF control for easier tuning. The system integrates well with CNC controllers and supports both analog and pulse inputs.
3.2 Spindle Frequency Conversion System Design
The inverter is configured with a 075V43A-2 model, paired with a Wuxi Bohua motor. The system uses a SYNTEC 9401 CNC controller, and the inverter is set up for precise control. Parameters are adjusted for optimal performance, including motor self-tuning and encoder direction settings.
3.3 Frequency Converter Parameter Design Procedure
Motor parameters are entered into the inverter for dynamic tuning. Adjustments are made to acceleration, deceleration, and positioning settings. For example, parameter 11-05 was modified from 90 to 110 to improve acceleration response. Inertia estimation and ASR auto-adjustment are also performed to enhance system stability.
3.4 Pulse Input Control of VE Series Inverter
The VE inverter supports two pulse input modes: A/B phase and pulse + direction. Based on the CNC system’s output, the correct mode is selected. Electronic gear settings (10-17 and 10-18) are used to calculate speed based on pulse frequency and encoder resolution.
3.5 Acceleration and Deceleration
Acceleration and deceleration tests were conducted to evaluate performance. The system showed smooth acceleration within 1.4 seconds and stable deceleration over 5.1 seconds. Maximum current and bus voltage were monitored to ensure safe operation. These results confirm that the VE inverter meets the demanding requirements of CNC machining centers.
**4. Conclusion**
CNC machining centers require precise spindle control, including wide-range speed variation and accurate positioning. Delta’s VE inverters provide reliable, high-performance solutions at a competitive price. Their ability to handle complex tasks, such as multi-axis machining and fast positioning, makes them ideal for modern manufacturing environments. With continuous improvements in control algorithms and integration capabilities, the VE series is well-suited for future CNC applications.
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