Using Subroutines to Measure Dot Matrix Clusters on CNC Machine Tools

CNC Machining Center

CNC programming is a crucial step in the CNC machining process. It typically involves two main methods: manual programming and automatic programming. Manual programming is commonly used for parts with simple geometry, limited calculations, and few steps, such as point or contour machining involving straight lines and arcs. However, for complex parts featuring non-circular curves, list curves, or curved surfaces, automatic programming is usually preferred. Machining centers often deal with parts that have multiple holes, especially those with numerous holes requiring several operations. For example, drilling a grid of holes on a plate. While modern systems like SIEMENS offer fixed-cycle commands for linear and annular holes, older systems such as FANUC or China Middle Ages may lack these features. In such cases, users must rely on user macro programs, which can be difficult to understand and use. As a result, many programmers avoid macros due to their complexity and the limitations of current conditions, making full automation still uncommon. When programming such hole patterns manually, the process becomes time-consuming, error-prone, and inefficient. However, by utilizing the auxiliary programming functions available in CNC systems, such as subroutines and canned cycles, the task becomes much simpler, faster, and more accurate. Here’s an example of how to program a linear array of 100 φ6mm holes on a 12mm thick workpiece using a subroutine and a drilling canned cycle on a VMC750E HNC-21M machining center. The tool starts at (12, 0, 80). **1. Tool Selection and Cutting Parameters** (Refer to the attached table for detailed information)

Schedule

CNC Machine Tools

**2. Programming Example** **(1) Processing Path** (See Figure 2 for the tool path)

**(2) Program Code** ``` %0086; Main program number N02 T1 M06; T1 is A2.5 center drill N04 G90 G54 G00 X12 Y0 M03 S1200; Move to starting position N06 G43 H01 Z30 M07; Tool length compensation, coolant on N08 M98 P6000 F60 Z5 L5; Call drill subroutine 5 times N10 G49 G80 G90 G00 Z80 M09; Cancel compensation and canned cycles N12 T2 M06; T2 is φ6 twist drill N14 G90 G54 G00 X12 Y0 S600 M03; Move to cutting position N16 G43 H02 MZ30 M08; Tool length compensation, coolant on N18 M98 P6000 F120 Z16 L5; Call drill subroutine 5 times N20 G49 G80 G90 G00 Z80 M09; Cancel compensation and canned cycles N22 T3 M06; T3 is 45° chamfer cutter N24 G90 G54 G00 X12 Y0 S600 M03; Move to cutting position N26 M98 P6000 F50 P1 Z0.3 L5; Call drill subroutine 5 times N28 G49 G80 G90 G00 Z80 M09; Cancel compensation and canned cycles N30 G00 X-100 Y0 M05; Spindle stop N32 M30; End of program and return to start % %6000; Subroutine number N10 G99 G81 G91 Y12 G90 Z[-#25] R3 F150 P[#15]; Canned cycle call N15 G91 X12 Y0 L9; Drill holes from 2 to 10 N20 X0 Y12; Drill hole 11 N25 X-12 Y0 L9; Drill holes from 12 to 20 N30 M99; End of subroutine and return to main program % ``` By using subroutines, this approach simplifies the programming of linear or even circular hole clusters. It improves efficiency, reduces errors, and saves memory space. With just a few parameters adjusted, the same subroutine can be reused for different hole arrays, offering great flexibility and reusability. This method has been successfully applied in real-world production and is highly recommended for efficient hole pattern programming.

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