Using Subroutines to Measure Dot Matrix Clusters on CNC Machine Tools

CNC Machining Center

CNC programming plays a crucial role in the CNC machining process. It can be broadly categorized into manual and automatic programming. Manual programming is typically used for parts with simple geometry, minimal calculations, and fewer operations. This method is commonly applied to point or contour machining involving straight lines and circular arcs. However, for complex shapes—especially those involving non-circular curves, list curves, or free-form surfaces—automatic programming is more efficient. Machining centers often deal with components that have multiple holes, particularly when there are many holes requiring several steps of processing. For instance, drilling a grid of holes on a plate. While modern systems like SIEMENS include fixed-cycle instructions for linear and annular holes, older systems such as FANUC and China Middle Ages lack these features. Without predefined macro programs, users may find it challenging to implement such functions due to the complexity of macros and user-defined programs. As a result, many programmers avoid using them, especially when automatic programming is not widely adopted due to practical limitations. When manually programming a hole array, the calculation of each coordinate becomes time-consuming, increases the risk of errors, and results in long, inefficient programs. However, by utilizing the auxiliary programming features available in the CNC system, the process can be simplified. Using subroutines and canned cycles makes the programming of hole arrays more efficient, organized, and faster. Below is an example demonstrating how to use a subroutine and a drilling canned cycle for mesh-like hole processing. Example: On a VMC750E China Middle Ages HNC-21M machining center, 100 φ6mm linear matrix holes are drilled on a 12mm thick workpiece (as shown in Figure 1). The tool’s starting position is at (12, 0, 80). **1. Tool Selection and Cutting Parameters (see attached table for details)**

Schedule

CNC Machine Tools

**2. Programming** **(1) Processing Path** As shown in Figure 2.

**(2) Processing Procedure** ``` %0086; Main program number N02 T1 M06; T1 is A2.5 center drill N04 G90 G54 G00 X12 Y0 M03 S1200; Move to tool position N06 G43 H01 Z30 M07; Tool length compensation, coolant on N08 M98 P6000 F60 Z5 L5; Call drill subroutine 5 times N10 G49 G80 G90 G00 Z80 M09; Cancel compensation and canned cycles N12 T2 M06; T2 is φ6 twist drill N14 G90 G54 G00 X12 Y0 S600 M03; Rapid move to tool position N16 G43 H02 MZ30 M08; Tool length compensation, coolant on N18 M98 P6000 F120 Z16 L5; Call drill subroutine 5 times N20 G49 G80 G90 G00 Z80 M09; Cancel compensation and canned cycles N22 T3 M06; T3 is 45° chamfer cutter N24 G90 G54 G00 X12 Y0 S600 M03; Rapid move to tool position N26 M98 P6000 F50 P1 Z0.3 L5; Call drill subroutine 5 times N28 G49 G80 G90 G00 Z80 M09; Cancel compensation and canned cycles N30 G00 X-100 Y0 M05; Spindle stop N32 M30; End of program, return to start % %6000; Subroutine number N10 G99 G81 G91 Y12 G90 Z[-#25] R3 F150 P[#15]; Canned cycle call (hole 1) N15 G91 X12 Y0 L9; Drill holes (2)-(10) N20 X0 Y12; Drill hole (11) N25 X-12 Y0 L9; Drill holes (12)-(20) N30 M99; End of subroutine, return to main program % ``` In the HNC-21M system, using subroutines to process linear hole matrices has proven effective in real-world applications. This approach improves programming speed, simplifies the code structure, and reduces memory usage. By adjusting parameters such as row count, column count, spacing, and starting coordinates, the subroutine can be reused for different hole patterns. This flexibility also allows for the programming of circular hole clusters, making it a versatile solution for various machining tasks.

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