The revision from the recommended guidelines to mandatory national standards is considered the biggest highlight of this new standard. The "Guidelines for Air Quality Assessment of Passenger Cars" issued in 2011 is a recommended standard. It is not mandatory to take into account the ability of the automobile company at that time. Although the air quality inside the vehicle has been improved after the implementation of the standard, the enterprise Still optional. Relevant industry experts said that the new standard has risen to a mandatory standard at the national level, which is conducive to strengthening the constraints on automobile manufacturers. This is the first case in the world, and foreign countries are mostly recommended standards or industry standards.
At the same time, based on the original standard, the limits of eight kinds of in-vehicle pollutants are set. The new standard draft has further tightened the limits of harmful substances such as benzene and toluene: benzene is 0.16mg/m3 from the original standard and is 0.06. Mg/m3, toluene is 1.10 mg/m3 and 1.00 mg/m3, xylene and ethylbenzene are 1.50 mg/m3 and 1.00 mg/m3.
It is worth noting that the limit of acetaldehyde was adjusted from the original 0.05 mg/m3 to 0.20 mg/m3. In this regard, the explanation given in the preparation of the new standard opinion draft is that acetaldehyde has a smaller impact on human health than formaldehyde, and there is a great uncertainty in the concentration of acetaldehyde in the air of the vehicle, and the limit is relaxed, but still It is lower than the internationally recognized 0.30mg/m3 safety threshold. Song Guangsheng, director of the National Indoor Interior Environment and Environmental Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, said: "Overall, the mandatory standards are stricter than the original recommended standards, which is more conducive to protecting the health and safety of drivers and passengers."
After the limit is tightened, can the vehicle enterprise meet the standard? Experts said that in the past two years, consumers have been paying more and more attention to the air quality of vehicles directly related to their health. This has forced manufacturers to continuously reduce the concentration of air pollutants in vehicles through technology and technology. Under the market mechanism, many domestic car companies have established their own air quality standards system, which can basically meet the new standard limit requirements.
An industry insider believes that local cars, including self-owned brands and joint venture brands, may not meet the limit requirements in the new standard draft. He pointed out that the development of domestic air quality in the car is not mature, and the process technology and testing technology can not keep up. The new standard not only tightens the pollutant discharge limit, but also the detection method is relatively simple and rigorous. It is not easy for the vehicle enterprise to reach the standard.
Static single detection method to be perfected
The quality of the air inside the car, only to see the standard limits are not much comparable, but also need to combine detection methods. The detection of air pollution inside the vehicle is complicated by the small space inside the vehicle, the large temperature variation, and the different ventilation conditions. It is reported that the international testing methods for air quality in vehicles mainly include static and dynamic testing. China adopts the static test method in the constant temperature, constant humidity, static wind and clean air environment specified in the “Sampling and Determination Method of Volatile Organic Compounds and Aldehydes and Ketones in Vehicles†issued in 2007.
The new standard opinion draft has added provisions for environmental compliance checkdown time. Since the pollution concentration value of the air inside the vehicle is related to the vehicle's offline time, the new standard draft requires that the inspection time be within 28 days ± 5 days after the new car goes offline, which is more than one month's worth of delivery for most automotive products. The reality in the hands of consumers is also consistent with international standards.
However, relevant industry insiders believe that the vehicle departure time of each vehicle enterprise is different, and the air pollutants in the vehicle are directly related to its storage environment, climatic conditions, season, etc. The draft of the air quality inspection in the opinion draft is not scientific. The car is kept closed for 16 hours and is not in compliance with the actual state of the vehicle. If the car has wind in the moment of opening the door, the air conditioner will open the air conditioner in the hot sky car, which will reduce the concentration of air pollutants in the car, and the concentration of the detected concentration in the completely static state will definitely differ from the actual use. When testing the air quality inside a car abroad, it is mostly in a state of circulating air.
At the same time subject to the detection technology level, the above-mentioned insiders also suggested that the concentration values ​​of pollutants such as benzene, toluene and styrene detected by many testing institutions are not accurate. This has led some car companies and testing agencies to falsify, which is not conducive to the sound development of the car air quality control industry.
In order to strengthen the supervision of enterprises, the new standard opinion draft has increased the requirements for information disclosure and environmental consistency check. The car companies must publicly recommend the in-vehicle air quality information of the mass-produced models, and the competent authorities can randomly select the mass-produced cars on the production line for environmental consistency check.
Strengthen supply chain quality management
Although consumers only have direct contact with the whole vehicle, the problem of air pollution inside the vehicle is generated in the automobile manufacturing process. To solve this problem, it is necessary to improve the production process of parts and materials, and use more green and environmentally friendly interior materials. Vehicle and component companies should establish and improve the supply chain quality management system. Component suppliers and material suppliers should also be responsible for air pollution in vehicles.
At present, China regards the overall interior environment as the object of detection, and does not limit the VOC emissions of individual parts and materials. Each car company mainly controls the VOC emissions of parts and interior materials according to the limit requirements of air pollutants in the vehicle. In foreign countries, the air quality problems caused by automobile parts and interior materials are mainly solved by the management of the supporting parts, such as the banned substances for the interior materials used in the car, and the strict standards of the adhesives. Domestically, we should also learn from foreign experience in this area.
However, it is still difficult to set uniform limits for VOC emissions of parts and interior materials. Relevant industry insiders pointed out that after a few years of implementation, the general testing method can be tested on virology and toxicology, and the pollutants volatilized from the interior parts of the vehicle should be researched and verified to determine a harm to human health. Security threshold. The detection methods for VOC emissions of auto parts and interior materials have yet to be unified.
The air quality inside the car has nothing to do with the grade of the vehicle, and it is not that the pollution of the expensive car is small. In fact, the more luxurious the car, the more likely it is to be contaminated. High-end cars use more new materials, especially non-metallic materials and adhesives, and the high-end car is more airtight than ordinary cars, resulting in more pollutants in the car, endangering human health. Therefore, while car companies pay attention to controlling the air quality inside the car, consumers should also pay attention to multi-window ventilation.
Overview of air quality standards for vehicles in various countries
United States
As early as the 1980s and 1990s, there were many incidents in the United States that caused deaths caused by air pollution inside the car. In view of this, the United States regards indoor and in-vehicle pollution as one of the five major hazards of human health.
In 2006, the Ann Arbor Environmental Group of the United States released a test report entitled “Any speed is poisonousâ€, claiming that the harmful compounds in the air are 5 to 10 times higher in homes and offices. The group collected dust samples from 11 internationally renowned automobile brands and samples of windshield film. After analysis and analysis, it showed that there are substances harmful to the human body, such as seat, carpet, handrail and wire rubber. It produces chemicals that are harmful to people. The research test found that the volatilization time of the harmful gas in the car after the new car leaves the factory takes at least 6 months.
The US Environmental Protection Agency requires that materials used by automobile manufacturers must be declared and must be reviewed by the environmental protection department to ensure that the environmental and human hazard levels are at a minimum before they can be used. If the applicant violates the regulations, he will be burdened with a large fine and will be recalled. The product is cleaned up and the main person in charge will even be sentenced.
Japan
The Japan Motor Vehicle Association (JAMA) issued the "Guide to Air Pollution Control in Cars" in 2005. The guide was released in the form of an autonomous action plan. It is hoped that major Japanese auto companies will reduce air inside the car after new production in 2005. Pollution, the guide also released the JAMA recommended test method, measuring formaldehyde emissions at 40 ° C, and then turn on the air conditioner, the control target is 25 ° C, in this state to measure VOCs emissions. This limit is mainly determined according to the Japanese Ministry of Construction's indoor air quality standards.
In addition, Japanese automakers have developed a series of accessory products for indoor air pollution, such as new car air conditioners with sterilizing function. Before leaving the factory, there are also special personnel to perform sensory evaluation on "in-car taste". Toyota also introduced a "sterilization ion generator" to eliminate bacteria and floats in the car and remove odors, which is very popular in Japan.
In addition, Japan has also cleaned the air inside the car through a technology called "photocatalyst", which mainly converts harmful gases into harmless water and carbon dioxide. Any vehicle that has been treated with Photocatalyst does not have to do any disinfection work for 5 years. Therefore, although this technology is relatively expensive, it is also widely used in Japan.
Germany
Germany is the first country to pay attention to environmental pollution inside the car and issue relevant regulations and policies. As a major automobile production and consumption country in Germany, the pollution inside the car has also been prominent in Germany, and there have been repeated complaints from consumers. Since there were no relevant regulations at the beginning, it was impossible to reach a solution that satisfied both parties. To this end, the German environmental protection department and the relevant departments of the automobile manufacturing association, consumer associations and other departments jointly formulated the "German automotive interior environmental standards" to refine the indicators.
Relevant regulations include: (1) The automobile itself, the plastic parts installed in the car, the carpet, the roof felt, the sofa, etc. need to meet the requirements of the German “Blue Sky†environmental protection mark. (2) Interior decoration, seat cushions, adhesives and other decorative materials contain benzene, formaldehyde, acetone, xylene, etc. must be lower than the "German three-level car environmental standards", such as the car's formaldehyde content can not exceed 0.08mg / m3 . (3) The toxic air release period must also be passed before the car is sold.
In addition, Germany encourages the use of skylights. Since the polluted air generally flows from the tuyere of the car and then flows out from the tuyere of the car, a small amount of polluted air stays in the car during this process, and a circulation is formed in the car. At this time, the pollution inside the car is outside the car. Times. Therefore, more than half of the cars in Germany have designed skylights, relying on the rapid flow of the car's airflow at the top of the sunroof to form the negative pressure inside the car, decomposing the pollution in the vents, and ventilating the air in a supplemental manner.
German cars attach great importance to the installation of air purifiers in the car, and the effect of using a cellular return air purifier is more obvious. In order to completely antibacterial, Germany also uses the current popular car antibacterial purification technology - photocatalyst technology. In addition, many cars in Germany are equipped with PCP fixed titanium, which effectively decomposes VOC in the car, makes harmful gases harmless, avoids cross-infection of bacteria and viruses in the car, and maintains car hygiene.
Korea
On June 5, 2007, the Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Korea promulgated the “Indoor Air Quality Management Standard for Newly Made Automobilesâ€, which specifies the methods and standards for the detection of volatile pollutant emissions from new production vehicles. Korean cars automatically monitor the air quality inside the car through high-tech. High-end cars are generally equipped with AQS air quality sensors. Once the air quality outside the car exceeds the standard, AQS will automatically cut off the damper to prevent the exhaust gas from flowing into the car.
Russia
As early as 1999, Russia formulated and implemented the national standard P51206-98 "Standards and Methods for Evaluation of Vehicle Interior Pollutants", and restricted the maximum concentration of CONONO2C3H4O in the cab to control the air pollution inside the vehicle.
Australia
At present, Australia has listed the interior environment as an indoor environment. When setting health standards, the interior environment of the car is juxtaposed with offices and classrooms.
Summary: Some people have said that the moment is a material age, because too many things are dependent on the development of new materials. At present, a development trend of automobiles is light weight. Light weight means that the application of metal materials is gradually decreasing and the proportion of non-metallic materials is increasing. This may be a trend, and there will be more and more polymer compounds, which will lead to the interior of the car. The focus on air pollution continues to heat up. Therefore, with the implementation of the national air quality standards for vehicles, the relevant government departments have tightened the supervision and inspection of automobile quality, and the improvement of the quality requirements of consumers by the consumers, the quality of air in China's vehicles will also attract more people's attention.
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